JLPT N3 grammar: 30 points explained
The 30 JLPT N3 grammar points explained in English with examples.
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Purpose ("in order to, for") or cause ("because of").
〜おかげで
Positive cause ("thanks to").
〜せいで
Negative cause ("because of, due to").
〜わけだ
Logical conclusion ("that's why, no wonder").
〜わけではない
Partial negation ("it's not that, not necessarily").
〜はずがない
Logical impossibility ("there's no way that").
〜に違いない
Strong conviction ("must be, no doubt").
〜ば〜ほど
"the more …, the more …".
〜さえ〜ば
Sufficient condition ("as long as, if only").
〜べきだ
Moral duty ("should, ought to").
〜ことになる
An outside decision / outcome ("it has been decided that, it turns out that").
〜ことにする
A personal decision ("decide to").
〜ようにする
Making an effort ("make sure to, try to").
〜ようになる
A change in ability or habit ("come to, get to").
〜ずに
"without doing …" (written equivalent of 〜ないで).
〜まま
An unchanged state ("as it is").
〜っぽい
Tendency / appearance ("-ish, kind of").
〜がち
A frequent tendency, often negative ("tend to").
〜きる
Doing something completely, to the end.
〜かけ
An action half done / in progress.
〜について
Topic ("about, concerning").
〜によって
Means / cause / variation ("depending on, by").
〜に対して
"toward, regarding, in contrast to".
〜として
"as, in the role of".
〜とともに
"along with, as".
〜くせに
Reproach / contrast ("even though", with a critical tone).
〜だらけ
"covered with, full of" (often negative).
〜みたいに
Comparison ("like").
〜ながらも
Concession ("while, although").
〜において
Place / field, formal style ("in, at, during").
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